The protective effect of Ganoderma lucidum on testicular torsion/detorsion-induced ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury

Abstract Purpose To investigate the protective effect of Ganoderma lucidum on testicular torsion/detorsion (T/D)-induced ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Methods Thirty male Wistar albino rats were randomly categorized into 3 groups: Group 1: sham, Group 2 ( T/D): 2,5 hours of ischemia and 7 days of reperfusion, Group 3 (T/D+ G. lucidum ): 2,5 hours of ischemia and 7 days of reperfusion and 7 days of 20 mg/kg via gastric gavage G. lucidum polysaccharides per day. Biochemical assays of Malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Glutathione (GSH) levels , histopathology and expression levels of VEGF and Bcl-2 with immunohistochemical methods were examined in testicular tissue. Results G. lucidum treatment was found to have prevented the T/D-induced I/R injury by decreasing MDA levels of the testis. SOD, CAT and GSH activities were decreased in group 2, while they were increased in group 3 (p<0.001) and significant improvement in the tube diameter was observed in group 3. Bcl-2-positive germinal cells were lowered in group 3 compared to the group 2. VEGF expression showed an increase in group 2, whereas it decreased in group 3. Conclusion The antioxidant G. lucidum is thought to induce angiogenesis by reducing the apoptotic effect in testicular torsion-detorsion.

Diagnosis of cardiac tamponade with transesophageal echocardiography following the induction of anesthesia for suspected testicular torsion.

Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is a valuable tool for evaluating hemodynamic instability in patients under general anesthesia. We present the case of a 28‑year‑old man who presented with complaints of testicular pain concerning for testicular torsion. After induction of general anesthesia for scrotal exploration and possible orchiopexy, the patient developed severe and persistent hypotension. Using intraoperative TEE, the diagnosis of pericardial tamponade was made, and an emergent pericardial window was performed.

The effects of carvedilol on ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat testis

Objective: To analyze the oxidative damage and histopathological alterations caused by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and ameliorative effects of carvedilol (CVD) in the rat testis. Materials and Methods: Twenty-one male rats were randomized into 3 groups as follows: Group I (n = 7); control (sham) group, Group II (n = 7); I/R group, in which I/R injury was performed by torsing the left testis 720º clockwise for 2 hours and detorsing for 2 hours. Group III (n = 7); CVD treatment group; in addition to I/R process, one-dose of CVD was administered (2mg/kg, i.p) 30 min. before detorsion. Levels of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PC) were determined in testicular tissues and serum of rats. Testicular tissues were also examined histopathologically and Johnsen scores were determined. Results: Activities of SOD and GSH-Px in serum and testicular tissues were increased by I/R, but administration of CVD decreased these levels (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001). Significantly increased MDA levels in serum and testicular tissues were decreased by CVD treatment (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001). Concerning PC levels in serum and testicular tissues, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups (p = 0.989 and p = 0.428). There was not a statistically significant difference in terms of mean Johnsen scores between the groups (p = 0.161). Conclusions: Administration of CVD decreased oxidative damage biochemically in the rat testis caused by I/R injury, but histopathologically no change was observed between all of the groups. .

Long-term effects of the testicular torsion on the spermatogenesis of the contralateral testis and the preventive value of the twisted testis orchiepididymectomy / Efeitos tardios da torção testicular sobre a espermatogênese do testículo contralateral e o valor preventivo da orquiepididimectomia do testículo torcido

PURPOSE: To determine whether the testicular torsion causes long-term effects on the spermatogenesis of the contralateral testis, and whether the orchiepididymectomy of the twisted testis could prevent them, using specific spermatogenesis parameters to elucidate the conflicting results in the literature. METHODS: Seventy-four pubertal male Wistar rats were randomly selected. The experimental group consisted of 40 rats, divided into four subgroups, submitted to 1.080 degrees counterclockwise left testicular torsion and its scrotal fixation at the beginning of the experiment, and left orchiepididymectomy at one, five, ten and 90 days, respectively. The control group consisted of 24 rats, divided into four sham operation control subgroups. An additional control subgroup consisted of the ten remaining rats, submitted only to the left orchiepididymectomy at the beginning. At 90 days, the contralateral testes of the experimental and control subgroups were collected for the evaluation of their spermatogenesis parameters: testicular weight, seminiferous tubular diameter, Johnsen score and differential counting of the germ cells. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were observed among the experimental and control subgroups for all of the spermatogenesis parameters of the contralateral testes. CONCLUSIONS: Testicular torsion does not cause long-term effects on the spermatogenesis of the contralateral testis in pubertal rats, and the orchiepididymectomy of the twisted testis is not necessary for preventive purposes for the contralateral spermatogenesis.

OBJETIVO: Determinar se a torção testicular causa efeitos tardios sobre a espermatogênese do testículo contralateral e se a orquiepididimectomia do testículo torcido poderia preveni-los, usando parâmetros específicos da espermatogênese para elucidar os resultados conflitantes na literatura. MÉTODOS: Foram selecionados aleatoriamente 74 ratos machos púberes da linhagem Wistar. O grupo experimental foi composto por 40 ratos divididos em quatro subgrupos, submetidos à torção anti-horária de 1,080 graus do testículo esquerdo e sua fixação escrotal no início do experimento e à orquiepidimectomia esquerda com um, cinco, dez e 90 dias, respectivamente. O grupo controle foi composto por 24 ratos divididos em quatro subgrupos de cirurgias simuladas. Um subgrupo controle adicional foi constituído pelos dez ratos restantes submetidos unicamente à orquiepididimectomia esquerda no início do experimento. Aos 90 dias, os testículos contralaterais dos subgrupos experimentais e controles foram coletados para avaliação dos parâmetros de suas espermatogêneses: peso testicular, diâmetro do túbulo seminífero, graduação de Johnsen e contagem diferencial das células germinativas. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre todos os subgrupos experimentais e controles para todos os parâmetros analisados da espermatogênese dos testículos contralaterais. CONCLUSÕES: A torção testicular não causa efeitos tardios sobre a espermatogênese do testículo contralateral em ratos púberes e a orquiepididimectomia do testículo torcido não é necessária para fins preventivos da espermatogênese contralateral.

Propofol effects on the morphology of rat testes subjected to testicular ischemia­reperfusion / Efeitos do propofol sobre a morfologia do testículo do rato submetido à isquemia-reperfusão testicular

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of propofol as an inhibitor of tissue injury in testicular ischemia-reperfusion in rats. METHODS: 30 Wistar rats were assigned to one of three groups of 10 animals: G1, testicular exposure alone; G2 and G3: testicular ischemia caused by left spermatic cord torsion of 720º. In G3, propofol was administered intraperitoneally at 20 mg/kg/h 45 minutes after spermatic cord torsion. In G2 and G3, spermatic cords were detorsioned after 60 min. In all three groups, testes were subsequently repositioned in the scrotum. After 90 days, bilateral orchiectomy was performed for histological examination. RESULTS: No abnormalities in seminiferous tubules were found in G1. In G2, 86.6 percent of left testes exhibited abnormalities, in contrast with 67.8 percent for right testes. In G3, these proportions were 57.3 percent and 45.6 percent, respectively. A statistically significant difference was found between G2 and G3. CONCLUSION: Propofol reduced the tissue damage in rat testes subjected to ischemia-reperfusion caused by spermatic cord torsion.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos do propofol como inibidor da lesão tecidual na isquemia-reperfusão testicular em ratos. MÉTODOS: Trinta ratos Wistar foram distribuídos em três grupos de 10 animais. G1: apenas exposição testicular. G2 e G3: isquemia testicular por torção do cordão espermático esquerdo a 720º. G3, 45 minutos após a torção do cordão espermático foi administrado propofol 20mg/Kg/hora via intraperitoneal. Após 60 minutos, nos grupos 2 e 3 foram desfeitas as torções dos cordões espermáticos e em seguida os testículos dos animais dos três grupos foram reposicionados no escroto. Após 90 dias foi realizada a orquiectomia bilateral para análise histológica. RESULTADOS: Nos túbulos seminíferos do grupo 1 não se encontrou anormalidades. Nos túbulos seminíferos do Grupo 2, as anormalidades foram 86,6 por cento nos testículos esquerdos e 67,8 por cento nos testículos direitos. Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa quando se compararam os testículos dos grupos 2 e 3. CONCLUSÃO: O propofol minimiza a lesão tecidual em testículos de ratos submetidos à isquemia-reperfusão na torção do cordão espermático.

L-Alanyl-Glutamine dipeptide pretreatment attenuates ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat testis / Pré-tratamento com o dipeptídeo L-Alanil-glutamina atenua a lesão por isquemia e reperfusão no testículo do rato

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of alanyl-glutamine dipeptide (L-Ala-Gln) pre-treatment on ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury after unilateral testicular torsion-detorsion in a comparative controlled experiment. METHODS: Forty-eight rats (150-200 g) randomly distributed into 4 groups (n=12), and distributed in 2 subgroups (n=6) each, were treated with saline 2.0 ml (G-1, G-3) or L-Ala-Gln 20 percent, 0.75g/kg dissolved in saline (total volume 2.0 ml) administered in the left saphenous vein 30 minutes before ischemia. Anesthetized rats were subjected to I/R induced by torsion (720°) of the right spermatic cord lasting 1h (G-1, G-2) or 3 hours (G-3, G4). Anesthesia was again applied at the end of ischemia time (T-0) for testis detorsion and 6 hours later (T-6) for orchiectomy. All operations were performed on the right testes through transverse scrotal incisions. Right orchiectomy was carried out at the end of ischemia (T-0), and 6 hours later (T-6) to evaluate the concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) in the testis. RESULTS: Pretreatment with L-Ala-Gln reduced MDA contents in rat testis at the end of ischemia lasting 3 hours. There was significant increase of GSH levels in T-6 time-point after 1 hour of ischemia. GSH levels also increased in T-0 and T-6 time-points in rats subjected to ischemia for 3 hours. CONCLUSION: L-Ala-Gln administered before torsion/detorsion of the spermatic cord decreases lipid peroxidation during ischemia and protects the testis from oxidative stress by upregulating GSH levels during reperfusion.

OBJETIVO: Investigar o efeito do pré-tratamento com o dipeptídeo L-alanil-glutamina (L-Ala-Gln) sobre a lesão de isquemia e reperfusão (I/R), induzida por torção/destorção do testículo em um experimento controlado e comparativo. MÉTODOS: Quarenta e oito ratos (150-200 g) divididos em quatro grupos (n=12) e distribuídos em dois subgrupos (n = 6) cada, foram tratados com 2,0 ml de solução salina (G-1, G-3 ) ou L-Ala-Gln 20 por cento, 0,75g/kg dissolvida em solução salina (volume total de 2,0 ml), administrada na veia safena 30 minutos antes da isquemia. Ratos anestesiados foram submetidos à torção (720°) do cordão espermático direito durante 1h (G-1, G-2) ou 3 horas (G-3, G4) para indução da I/R. A anestesia foi reaplicada no final do tempo de isquemia (T-0) para destorção do testículo e 6 horas depois (T-6) para orquiectomia. Todas as operações foram realizadas nos testículos direitos através de incisões escrotais. Orquiectomia direita foi realizada no final de isquemia (T-0), e seis horas depois (T-6) para avaliar as concentrações de malondialdeído (MDA) e glutationa reduzida (GSH) no testículo. RESULTADOS: O pré-tratamento com L-Ala-Gln reduziu os níveis de MDA no testículo de ratos no final da isquemia (3 horas). Entretanto os níveis de GSH aumentaram significativamente no T-6 após 1 hora de isquemia e também no T-0 e T-6 em ratos submetidos à isquemia por 3 horas. CONCLUSÃO: L-Ala-Gln administrada antes da torção/destorção do cordão espermático diminui a peroxidação lipídica na isquemia e protege o testículo contra o estresse oxidativo, promovendo aumento dos níveis de GSH durante a reperfusão.

Escroto agudo en el niño / Acute scrotum syndrome in children

El síndrome de escroto agudo en el niño se caracteriza por dolor escrotal agudo, acompañado de signos inflamatorios. Las causas más frecuentes son torsión de apéndices testiculares, torsión de cordón espermático y epididimitis/orquitis. En esta revisión, se describe la clínica, métodos diagnósticos y tratamiento de estas patologías. Se destaca la importancia del diagnóstico diferencial precoz ya que el tratamiento oportuno de la torsión del cordón espermático disminuye la posibilidad de necrosis del testículo afectado.

Acute scrotum syndrome in children is characterized by acute scrotal pain, accompanied by inflammatory signs. The most common causes are torsion of testicular appendages, torsion of the spermatic chord and epididymitis/orchitis. In this review, we describe the clinical features, diagnostic methods and treatment of these pathologies. We also highlight the importance of early differential diagnosis because timely treatment of the spermatic chord torsion reduce the risk of necrosis in the affected testes.

Acute scrotum -etiology, clinical presentation and seasonal variation.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the etiology, history, physical examination findings, and seasonal variation of acute scrotal problems in children. METHODS: A retrospective review of all boys, presenting with acute scrotum to the Pediatric Surgery Clinic of the University Hospital Heraklion between January 1989 and December 2006 was performed. RESULTS: A total of 140 boys presented with scrotal pain were included. Overall the commonest cause of acute scrotum was epididymo-orchitis (35%, 95%CI: 27%-43%), followed by torsion of appendages. In contrast the most common cause in boys of preschool age was spermatic cord torsion (P<0.020). All cases of spermatic cord torsion were characterized by severe testicular pain and an absent cremasteric reflex. The interval between pain initiation and presentation to our clinic was 11.4 hours (SD:3.07) when the testis was salvaged by detorsion, and 19.0 hours (SD:6.32) when the testis was removed. The difference between means was statistical significant (p<0.001). The incidence of torsion of appendages (p<0.036) and/or spermatic cord (p<0.047) was increased in winter. CONCLUSION: The absence of cremasteric reflex in association with testicular tenderness strongly suggests testicular torsion. The low temperatures during winter may account for the increased incidence of the torsion of both the spermatic cord torsion and the appendages.

Ipsilateral testicular necrosis and atrophy after 1.080-degree torsion of the spermatic cord in rats / Necrose e atrofia do testículo ipsilateral após torção de 1080 graus do cordão espermático em ratos

PURPOSE: To assess the incidence of testicular necrosis/atrophy immediately after 1 to 4 hours of 1,080-degree torsion of the spermatic cord, and 60 days after detorsion of the spermatic cord. METHODS: 42 rats were divided in 7 groups. Except for the control group, surgical torsion of the right spermatic cord was performed in all groups (T0). After 1, 2, or 4 hours of torsion, each group underwent either ipsilateral orchiectomy (groups OT1, OT2, and OT4), or detorsion of the spermatic cord and observation for 60 days (groups DT1, DT2, and DT4), before they were evaluated for the presence of testicular necrosis/atrophy. RESULTS: Only one rat (5.5%) in groups OT1, OT2, and OT4 had testicular necrosis, in comparison with six rats (33.3%) in groups DT1, DT2, and DT4 (p=0.04). The incidence of testicular necrosis/atrophy was not different between subgroups T1, T2, and T4, and the control group (p>0.05). There was, however, a tendency toward greater incidence of necrosis/atrophy in the rats in group DT4. CONCLUSION: The incidence of testicular necrosis/atrophy immediately after 1 to 4 hours of 1,080-degree torsion of the spermatic cord is 5.5%, in comparison with 33.3% sixty days after detorsion of the spermatic cord.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a incidência de necrose/atrofia testicular imediatamente após 1 a 4 horas de torção de 1080 graus do cordão espermático e 60 dias após a destorção do cordão espermático. MÉTODOS: 42 ratos foram separados em 7 grupos. Exceto para o grupo controle, todos os animais foram submetidos à torção operatória do cordão espermático direito (T0). Após 1, 2 ou 4 horas de torção, cada grupo foi submetido a orquiectomia ipsilateral (grupos OT1, OT2 e OT4), ou destorção do cordão espermático e observação por 60 dias (grupos DT1, DT2 e DT4), antes de serem avaliados para a presença de necrose/atrofia testicular. RESULTADOS: Somente um rato (5,5 por cento) nos grupos OT1, OT2 e OT4 apresentou necrose testicular em comparação com 6 ratos (33,3%) nos grupos DT1, DT2 e DT4 (p=0,04). A incidência de necrose/atrofia testicular não foi diferente entre os subgrupos T1, T2 e T4 e o grupo controle (p>0,05). Houve, no entanto, uma tendência a maior incidência de necrose/atrofia nos ratos do grupo DT4. CONCLUSÃO: A incidência de necrose/atrofia testicular imediatamente após 1 a 4 horas de torção de 1080 graus do cordão espermático é de 5,5% em comparação com 33,3% sessenta dias após a destorção do cordão espermático.

Painless inter epididymal testicular torsion of the spermatic cord

Inter epididymal testicular torsion of the spermatic cord is extremely rare and usually diagnosed at surgery. We present an unusual case of spermatic cord torsion in a 14-year-old male patient. It is important to highlight that the torsion occurred only on the distal half of the epididymis leaving the head untwisted and edematous. In addition, the fact that this condition was painless made this case extremely rare and motivated our presentation.

Oxidative stress induced by torsion of the spermatic cord in young rats

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of the oxidative stress in an experimental model of torsion/detorsion of the spermatic cord and the legitimacy of this model for oxidative stress studies. METHODS: Forty-eight male Wistar rats were randomized in two groups (n=24): G-1 (Sham) and G-2 (Ischemia/Reperfusion). All rats received intraperitoneal saline injections (2.0 ml), at 21, 9, and 1 h before right spermatic cord torsion or first sham operation. Detorsion or second sham operation was carried out 3 h later followed by testis and blood samples collection (T-0). Additional samples were collected at 1-3-6 h time-points for assessment of testis malonaldehyde, glutathione, and plasma total antioxidant power (TAP). RESULTS: Spermatic cord torsion/detorsion induced a significant increase in testicular malonaldehyde contents and a significant decrease in glutathione concentrations in ischemic rats compared with sham animals. Additional increase in malonaldehyde levels occurred during reperfusion in G-2 rats. TAP was similar in both groups denoting absence of systemic effects in this study. CONCLUSION: Torsion/detorsion of the spermatic cord for 3 h induces significant lipid peroxidation and reduction in glutathione content of the testis and is, therefore, a valid model for studying the oxidative stress effects of the ischemia/reperfusion injury in young rat testis.

OBJETIVO: Investigar os efeitos do estresse oxidativo utilizando um modelo experimental de torção/destorção do cordão espermático e a aplicabilidade do modelo para estudo do estresse oxidativo. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 48 ratos distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos (n=24): G-1 (Simulado) e G-2 (Isquemia/Reperfusão). Todos os animais receberam injeções intraperitoniais de solução salina (2,0 ml) 21-9-1 horas antes da torção ou primeira operação simulada. A destorção/segunda operação simulada (T-0) foi realizada após 3 horas, com coleta das amostras (testículo e sangue arterial) nesta ocasião e após 1-3-6 horas para determinação das concentrações de malonaldeído, glutationa e capacidade antioxidante total do plasma (CAT). RESULTADOS: a torção do cordão espermático induziu aumento significante das concentrações de malonaldeído e redução simultânea das concentrações de glutationa nos ratos do grupo G-2, comparados ao grupo simulado. Ocorreu aumento adicional das concentrações de malonaldeído durante a reperfusão (G-2). A capacidade antioxidante total do plasma foi semelhante nos dois grupos estudados, denotando ausência de efeitos sistêmicos. CONCLUSÃO: A torção durante 3 horas seguida de destorção do cordão espermático induz um nível significante de peroxidação lipídica e redução da concentração de glutationa constituindo-se um modelo válido para o estudo dos efeitos do estresse oxidativo decorrente da lesão de isquemia/reperfusão no testículo de ratos jovens.

Síndrome testicular agudo / Acute scrotal syndrome

Cuando el pediatra recibe a un paciente con dolor intenso en la zona escrotal, de inicio brusco y al examen verifica aumento de volumen, debe realizar un diagnóstico diferencial rápido para dilucidar si requiere tratamiento médico o debe derivarse a cirugía de urgencia para evitar compromiso vital del testículo. Es de gran ayuda revisar el tema periódicamente para actualizar los conocimientos e incorporar nuevos procedimientos diagnóstico que son de gran utilidad.

Acute scrotum -- etiology and management.

OBJECTIVE: Acute scrotal pain is a common urological emergency. Urgent exploration is the standard means of management, since no investigation can confidently exclude torsion of testis from the differential diagnosis. METHODS: A review of all boys presenting with acute scrotal pain who underwent emergency scrotal exploration between January 1983 and March 2003 was performed. RESULTS : 195 boys were included in this study. They were divided into 3 groups: group 1-73 with epididymo-orchitis, group 2-63 with torsion of testicular appendages and group 3- 57 with spermatic cord torsion. The patients in group 2 were older than group 1, also patients in group 1 were older than group 3. During neonatal period the most common pathology was spermatic cord torsion, whereas in prepubertal period torsion of appendages was more common. In all boys, mean duration of pain at presentation was 2.11 days. Epididymo-orchitis was diagnosed in 37% of patients, with torsion of the appendages being the next most common entity. Testicular torsion was diagnosed in 29% of patients. In the group with testicular torsion salvage rate of testis was 37% because of late admission. The perioperative morbidity and mortality was not seen in any of the groups. CONCLUSION: We believe that any boy with acute scrotal pain and any suspicion of testicular torsion in physical examination must be applied routine surgical exploration.

value of Tc99m-pertechnitate testicular scintigraphy in diagnosis of acute testicular torsion in pediatric and adult patients

of this study to evaluate the accuracy of Tc99m-Pertechnitate Testicular Scintigraphy [T.S] in evaluating patients with acute scrotal swelling and suspected testicular torsion in pediatric and adult patients,by statistical analysis of the results and considering the effect of patients age factor in this regard. Seventy five patients [age range 5 to 38 years] with possible acute testicular torsion from July 2000 to July 2003 were enrolled in this study. T.S was performed for all patients. All of the patients with clinically suspected acute testicular torsion underwent surgery. The surgical findings were reviewed and definite diagnoses were established. None of the other patients had surgery and were followed clinically for at least 3 month after and radionuclide imaging. Seventy Five patients were included in the study, divided into [17 with testicular torsion 58 with non torsion] according to T.S results. with one false positive and no false negative. Overall, T.S has sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 97% in identifying a testicular torsion. 7 out of 17 patients with testicular torsion had a salvageable testicle at the time of surgery. Tc99m scintigraphy is a reliable method for diagnosis of testicular torsion sensitivity and specificity are 100% and 98%. There was no significant statistical difference in the sensitivity between pediatric[< 15 years] and adult age groups[> 15 years]

Aspectos imunológicos da torçäo testicular: trabalho experimental em ratos / Immunologic aspects of testicular torsion: experimental study in wistar rats

As atividades testiculares, hormonal e espermiogênica säo de extrema importância para o homem e para a manutençäo e o aprimoramento da humanidade. Trauma, tumores, varicocle, criptorquidia, anorquia, atrofias, torçäo de cordäo espermático, estäo entre as diversas causas da infertilidade masculina. A integridade da barreira testículo - sangüínea parece ter um papel fundamental na patôgenese da orquite auto-imune. A orquite auto-imune é um processo inflamatório testicular mediado por formaçäo de anticorpos, contra os próprios antígenos testiculares do indivíduo, causando lesöes no epitélio germinativo. Neste estudo foram utilizados oitenta (80) ratos Wistar, singênicos, machos, adultos, separados em dez grupos, submetidos à torçäo unilateral do testículo, sob anestesia, por um período de duas à doze horas, seguido, entäo, de destorçäo e exame anatomopatológico das gônadas contralateral e ipsilateral, em períodos que variaram de duas à dez semanas. Estes testículos foram analisados através das técnicas de histologia e de imunofluorescência com a utilizaçäo de anticorpos monoclonais para as imunoglobulinas IgA, IgG e IgM de coelho e cabra, contra os antígenos testiculares do rato, para que se estudasse as possíveis alteraçöes no tecido testicular do animal, objetivando a comprovaçäo da existência de complexos auto-imunes no epitélio germinal. O estudo demonstrou a presença de imunoglobulinas, principalmente das classes IgG e IgM na luza e no interstício dos túbulos semíferos. Alteraçöes estruturais do testículo contralateral, näo torcido, foram demonstradas. Os resultados deste experimento indicam que o sistema inume de animais sadios contém linfócitos com receptores para os próprios antígenos, capazes de, na torçäo unilateral do cordäo espermático, promoverem uma doença auto-imune. A utilizaçäo de substâncias imuno-supressoras, neste estudo, o corticóide, foi feita para tentar minimizar ou mesmo coibir o processo auto-agressivo. Existiu uma proteçäo testicular contralateral efetiva, com o uso precoce da referida droga. É sugerido que a permanência de um testículo necrótico na bolsa escrotal, após torçäo prolongada, pode levar à subfertilidade ou infertilidade.

A evolução dos testículos de ratos pré-puberes submetidos a isquemia transitória pode sofrer modificação com a administração intratesticular de testosterona? / Can testicular evolution of pre-puberal rats submitted to transitory ischemia show any change after intratesticular testosterone injection?

A torção testicular, seguida de isquemia, acompanha-se de graus variáveis de infertilidade. Separamos 40 ratos Wistar em 4 grupos de 10, sendo dois grupos controle e os outros dois, submetidos a uma isquemia unilateral de 120 minutos, através da colocação de clampers no funículo espermático esquerdo. Cada grupo foi subdividido em 2 grupos, um para observação e outro recebendo injeção intratesticular de 25 mg de testosterona a partir do terceiro dia...

Torsion of an intra-abdominal testicle in a neonate. Case report and review of the literature

The thirty-ninth reported case of torsion of an intra-abdominal testicle is described in a neonate. The gonad was excised as is recommended because of the high incidence of malignancy (60of 37 cases). Torsion of an intra-abdominal testicle should be considered where an abdominal mass with calcification is found in an infant with undescended testis. Ultrasonography improves the diagnostic accuracy in infants because of the cystic nature of these masses in this age group.

Abdome agudo por torçäo de testículo criptorquídico / Acute abdomen by cryptorchid testis torsion

A torçäo do testículo criptorquídico constitui causa rara de abdome agudo. Os autores apresentam um caso clínico desta patologia pouco descrita na literatura, cujo diagnóstico foi sugerido no pré-operatório pela ausência de testículo na bolsa escrotal e presença de massa palpável na fossa ilíaca ipsilateral. Chamam a atençäo para o valor da ultra-sonografia, tomografia computadorizada, laparoscopia no diagnóstico de criptorquidismo, aspectos da hormonioterapia e idade ideal para o tratamento cirúrgico.

Torsión testicular: Hospital Militar "Dr. Carlos Arvelo" Caracas-Distrito Federal / Spermatic cord torsion: Hospital Militar \"Dr. Carlos Arvelo\" Caracas-Distrito Federal

Se revisaron los casos atendidos en el Hospital Militar "Dr. Carlos Arvelo" con diagnóstico de torsión del colón espermático durante 10 años (1978-1988) encontrándose en su total de 21 casos y se analizaron por grupos de edad, síntomas y signos, tratamiento adoptado, hallazgos y resultados obtenidos. El éxito del tratamiento de esta patología depende de la presición del diagnóstico. Así como de la rapidez con que se haga, tomando en cuenta que se trata de una urgencia real que requiere una acción quirúrgica inmediata. Se recomienda la fijación del testículo contralateral a fin de evitar la pérdida o lesión del testículo sano, así como el de su prótesis en los casos de orquidectomía